Practical digital skills

Understand file extensions before opening or converting files

Use a filename suffix as a clue, while checking source and actual format separately.

Step-by-step guideUpdated
Follow the method ↓
A file manager displays complete filenames and their extensions

The answer in 30 seconds

A suffix such as .pdf, .csv or .jpg helps a device choose an application. The name can be changed without changing the file's contents, so the suffix alone cannot prove that a file is safe or correctly converted.

Show full filenames, identify the expected format and sender, use a trusted app to open known files, and export or convert through an actual tool when a different format is needed.

Examples to adapt

A CSV from a colleague

Check delimiter and encoding during import rather than treating it like a spreadsheet workbook.

A renamed picture

Changing .jpg to .png does not convert its image data.

An unexpected attachment

Check the sender and purpose before opening a file with an unfamiliar or disguised suffix.

Follow the method

  1. 1
    Show extensions

    Enable full filenames in the file manager so suffixes are visible.

  2. 2
    Check expectation

    Compare the claimed format with the source and what the file is meant to contain.

  3. 3
    Open appropriately

    Use an application that supports the real format and avoid unneeded executable files.

  4. 4
    Convert properly

    Use the application's export or conversion function and test the new file.

A checklist to keep

Use these checks to record what you found. The grid supports a decision; it does not make one for you.

Understand file extensions before opening or converting files: checklist
CheckWhat to examineAction
NameIs the complete filename visible?Show
SourceWho supplied it?Check
ExpectedWhat format was promised?Compare
ActualDoes a suitable app open it?Test
ExportWas a real conversion made?Verify

Download the CSV checklist

Free, no sign-up. UTF-8 text with semicolon-separated columns.

What to check

A renamed extension does not transform the file.

A convincing icon can be associated with the wrong file type.

Some systems hide known extensions by default.

Common questions

What if a file has two suffixes?

Inspect the complete name and source carefully, especially when the final suffix is executable.

How do I change a document's format?

Open it in a suitable tool, export to the target format and inspect the output.

Sources and documentation

Documentation consulted on . Examples are illustrative; interfaces and results may change.

Continue exploring

All English guides →